Neem: The Sacred Tree



Old Neem Tree

There has been a steady drumbeat of scientific articles on the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. The tree was introduced in Malaysia during the 1940s by migrating Indians and it exists mainly in Penang Island, Langkawi Island and in the northern provinces of Perlis and Kedah.


Read the Malay version of this article. 


The neem tree


The neem tree, Azadirachta indica, is known in Sanskrit as "sarva-roga nivarini" or "curer of all ailments". The tree is tightly interwoven with the fabric of Indian culture: in some regions, the new year begins with eating the tender shoots of the neem tree while in other areas, the tree is worshipped as sacred


A treasure trove


The tree has long been known as an amazing resource. Neem-Ieaf juice is used to prevent psoriasis and other skin disorders and to control parasitic infections. Neem extract is applied as an antidote to malaria. Neem oil is currently even being tested as a female contraceptive. The limonoids extracted from the neem plant, azadirachtin and nimbolide show antioxidant and anticancer properties, acting as cytotoxins to HeLa cell lines.


Azadirachtin, a tetranortriterpenoid derived from the seeds of the Indian neem tree, is one of the main commercialised biopesticides and remains the most successful botanical pesticide in agricultural use worldwide. It's relatively safer than most conventional insecticides. It is non-toxic to humans and mammals, but negatively impacts insects, making it an effective and environmentally clean insecticide.


The research so far


More than 135 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem. Complex tetranortriterpenoids such as azadirachtin, salanin and nimbin are the major active principles isolated from neem seed. A lot is still unknown about the biochemical pathways of these metabolites in neem tree. Scientists sequenced neem genomes to understand the biochemical pathways of the neem. The precursors to the tetranortriterpenoids and limonoids are synthesised from the mevalonic acid pathway.


Biotechnology has revolutionized the pace of innovation. Various biotechnologists have made advancements in culturing in-vitro neem plants, producing transgenic neem plants, and antimicrobial cotton fabricsThe ebook, Neem: Today and in the New Millenium highlights a global perspective on the neem plant, including economical and environmental impacts.


The secrets yet to uncover


The rigours of modern scientific research have yet to unlock all the secrets of the neem plant. Extensive investigations on the metabolism, tissue distribution, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and the molecular mechanisms are neccessary to be able to develop modern drugs from the miracle neem.

Comments

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